Notes from Rabourn About Urbanization in America

I took these notes in Ms. Rabourn's class B4. I took brief notes, but they work for me.
These notes are related to the articles New Immigrants, Politics in the Gilded Age, A Little Milk A Little Honey, How the Other Side Lived.
The City

• In the turn of the century, cities tripled in size
  
• 40% of Americans began to live in the cities
  
• American food was very cheap
  
• The invention of the electric elevator brought the skyscraper
  
• Cities were by rivers for shipping, power, and factories
  
• From the center of the city, there were rings of buildings. From the center out: the factories, the worker's housing, the business sector, retail sector, the middle income housing, and lastly in the suburbs the high income housing.
  
• The invention of public transportation helped the city expand
  
• In the center of the city, there were ethnic enclaves
  
• The invention of electricity, plumbing, running water, and department stores helped it grow as well
  
• Brought the Ideas of consumerism
  
• Some problems were that the city was filthy, and there needed to be street cleaners to pick the waste up from the roads
  
• The police and fire departments were established to help fight crime and fires in the industrial centers
  

Immigrants

• There were more East and South Europeans, as well as Japanese and Chinese immigrants
  
• There were Russian Jews escaping prosecution as well as Greeks
  
• Birds of Passage were people who stayed only for a short time, and went back
  
• There travel West was aided by the railroads
  
• The immigrants' housing were very bad, such as dumbbell tenements
  
• You can see some examples on tenement.org
  
• Settlement houses were established to help the immigrants learn English and acted like a community center
  
• A good example of a settlement house is the Hull House in Chicago by Jane Addams
  
• The political machines helped them get citizenship in exchange for their vote
  
• They took advantage of the large number of immigrants to get power
  
• They were usually Democrat, and were considered "Party Bosses" as well
  
• They used bribery to ensure their power in the government, like bribing the mayor
  
• Urban churches were established and they preached the social gospel, which preached that your duty was to help others